Chiharu Shiota / Japan/Germany b.1972 / Installation view of A question of perspective 2022 in ‘The Soul Trembles’, GOMA, June 2022 / Polypropylene ropes, 80gsmpaper, found furniture, cable ties, staples / Commissioned 2022 with funds from Tim Fairfax AC through the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Foundation / Collection: QAGOMA / © Chiharu Shiota / Photograph: Merinda Campbell, QAGOMA

Chiharu Shiota / Japan/Germany b.1972 / Installation view of A question of perspective 2022 in ‘The Soul Trembles’, GOMA, June 2022 / Polypropylene ropes, 80gsmpaper, found furniture, cable ties, staples / Commissioned 2022 with funds from Tim Fairfax AC through the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Foundation / Collection: QAGOMA / © Chiharu Shiota / Photograph: Merinda Campbell, QAGOMA / View full image

Absence

Artists regularly make decisions about what they present or reveal, as well as what they remove or leave out. How artists depict life is most often associated with the act of actively creating images and objects rather than with leaving intentionally blank spaces that appear void of human activity. However, the depiction of nothingness or emptiness can offer an equally truthful reflection of the spaces and places we inhabit.

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Gemma Smith / NSW, Australia b.1978 / Vision 2021 / Synthetic polymer paint on linen / 137 x 117cm / Gift of Judy Tulloch and Colin Ingram through the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Foundation 2024. Donated through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Program / Accession No: 2024.224 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Gemma Smith/Copyright Agency

Gemma Smith / NSW, Australia b.1978 / Vision 2021 / Synthetic polymer paint on linen / 137 x 117cm / Gift of Judy Tulloch and Colin Ingram through the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Foundation 2024. Donated through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Program / Accession No: 2024.224 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Gemma Smith/Copyright Agency / View full image

Colour

Colour is an important part of how we see and understand the world. Artists use colour in many ways — to grab our attention, express feelings, tell stories and communicate ideas. Colours can carry cultural, symbolic or personal significance.

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Vincent Namatjira, Western Aranda people, Australia b.1983 / Dingo Cavalerie 2025 / Synthetic polymer paint on linen / 198 x 198cm / Proposed for the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Collection / Courtesy: The artist and Iwantja Arts / © Vincent Namatjira/Copyright Agency

Vincent Namatjira, Western Aranda people, Australia b.1983 / Dingo Cavalerie 2025 / Synthetic polymer paint on linen / 198 x 198cm / Proposed for the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Collection / Courtesy: The artist and Iwantja Arts / © Vincent Namatjira/Copyright Agency / View full image

Cultural Learning

The cultural learning education resource provides a way of engaging with artworks that centres First Nations perspectives of identity, knowledge and responsibility. It asks us not only to look at art but to listen deeply, reflect carefully and share respectfully.

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Bridget Riley, England b.1931 / Big Blue 1981–82 / Oil over synthetic polymer paint on linen / 235.3 x 202cm / Purchased 1984 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Bridget Riley

Bridget Riley, England b.1931 / Big Blue 1981–82 / Oil over synthetic polymer paint on linen / 235.3 x 202cm / Purchased 1984 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Bridget Riley / View full image

Illusion

Illusion is a principle of visual art that involves creating images or experiences that differ from reality and actively play with the viewer’s expectations. Artists use illusion to manipulate perception through the strategic use of visual art elements like value, line, colour, space and form.

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Installation view of 'Olafur Eliasson: Presence', GOMA, featuring Riverbed 2014 / Purchased 2021. The Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Charitable Trust / Collection: The Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Charitable Trust, Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © 2014 Olafur Eliason / Photograph: C Callistemon

Installation view of 'Olafur Eliasson: Presence', GOMA, featuring Riverbed 2014 / Purchased 2021. The Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Charitable Trust / Collection: The Josephine Ulrick and Win Schubert Charitable Trust, Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © 2014 Olafur Eliason / Photograph: C Callistemon / View full image

Immersion

Immersive art shifts attention away from art objects and towards environments that invite a viewer’s active participation. Instead of observing an artist’s finished artwork from an external perspective, the viewer becomes part of the work, completing it through their involvement.

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James Turrell, United States, b.1943 / Night Life 2018 / Commissioned 2017 to mark the tenth anniversary of the opening of the Gallery of Modern Art. This project has been realised with generous support from the Queensland Government; Paul, Sue and Kate Taylor; the Neilson Foundation and the QAGOMA Foundation Appeal / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art

James Turrell, United States, b.1943 / Night Life 2018 / Commissioned 2017 to mark the tenth anniversary of the opening of the Gallery of Modern Art. This project has been realised with generous support from the Queensland Government; Paul, Sue and Kate Taylor; the Neilson Foundation and the QAGOMA Foundation Appeal / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / View full image

Light

Light is fundamental to vision. Changes in the quality of light affect how the world is perceived. Artists study light as an essential way of receiving, perceiving, recording and re-imaging the world.

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Romuald Hazoume / Benin b.1962 / Nest Violeta 2009 / Plastic, porcupine quills and fabric / 29 x 28 x 27cm / Purchased 2010 with a special allocation from the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation / Accession No: 2010.009 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Romuald Hazoume/ADAGP/Copyright Agency

Romuald Hazoume / Benin b.1962 / Nest Violeta 2009 / Plastic, porcupine quills and fabric / 29 x 28 x 27cm / Purchased 2010 with a special allocation from the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation / Accession No: 2010.009 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Romuald Hazoume/ADAGP/Copyright Agency / View full image

Materiality

Artists use different materials and techniques to create meaning in their work. These materials can be natural, recycled, digital or handmade, and can carry cultural, symbolic or personal meaning. Looking closely at materials can help us to understand how and why an artwork was made.

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Archie Moore, Kamilaroi/Bigambul peoples, Australia b.1970 / kith and kin (installation view, Gallery of Modern Art) 2025 / Presented to QAGOMA and Tate by Creative Australia on behalf of the Australian Government 2024 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Archie Moore / Photograph: N Umek

Archie Moore, Kamilaroi/Bigambul peoples, Australia b.1970 / kith and kin (installation view, Gallery of Modern Art) 2025 / Presented to QAGOMA and Tate by Creative Australia on behalf of the Australian Government 2024 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Archie Moore / Photograph: N Umek / View full image

Pattern & Repetition

Artists use pattern and repetition to create meaning in their work. These are created by repeating elements like lines, shapes and colours, and can carry cultural, symbolic or personal significance. Patterns and repetition occur in many art forms such as music, dance and visual art. By paying close attention to these elements, we can gain a deeper understanding of how and why an artwork was created.

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Ron Mueck, England b.1958 / In bed (detail) 2005 / Mixed media / 161.9 x 649.9 x 395cm / Purchased 2008. QAG Foundation / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Ron Mueck

Ron Mueck, England b.1958 / In bed (detail) 2005 / Mixed media / 161.9 x 649.9 x 395cm / Purchased 2008. QAG Foundation / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Ron Mueck / View full image

Scale

Scale is a principle of visual art that refers to the relative size of one whole object compared to another. Artists often consider scale in terms of how the dimensions of a work compare to the human body, using this relationship to affect how the viewer experiences the work. It is important to note the distinction between scale and proportion, which refers to the spatial relationship between elements of the whole.

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eX de Medici / Australia NSW/ACT b.1959 / Meme for a Slave who Dreams like an Aristocrat [U235 Dreaming]: A Frenzy of Profit Taking 2005 / Graphite on paper / 106 x 114cm / Purchased 2005 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane / © eX de Medici

eX de Medici / Australia NSW/ACT b.1959 / Meme for a Slave who Dreams like an Aristocrat [U235 Dreaming]: A Frenzy of Profit Taking 2005 / Graphite on paper / 106 x 114cm / Purchased 2005 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane / © eX de Medici / View full image

Symbolism

Symbolism is a principle in art where visual elements are used to communicate ideas indirectly, much like metaphors in language. By including symbols in their work, artists can convey their intentions, evoke emotion, invite multiple readings, and connect their work to wider cultural or political conversations. Some symbols carry universal meaning, while others are religious, cultural, political or personal, with meanings that shift depending on the context of the viewer.

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Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Queensland Australia b.1959 / burnt shield 2002 / Synthetic polymer paint, ash, charcoal on canvas / 190 x 118cm (unstretched) / Purchased 2003.The Queensland Government's special Centenary Fund / Accession No: 2003.021 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson/Copyright Agency

Judy Watson / Waanyi people / Queensland Australia b.1959 / burnt shield 2002 / Synthetic polymer paint, ash, charcoal on canvas / 190 x 118cm (unstretched) / Purchased 2003.The Queensland Government's special Centenary Fund / Accession No: 2003.021 / Collection: Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art / © Judy Watson/Copyright Agency / View full image

The Archive

An archive is often understood as a collection of documents, images or objects that offer insight into the past. In contemporary art, the archive is a site of critical and creative engagement — one that moves across past, present and future.

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